11

your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will be "Who are you?" (×)

your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will be "Hello? This is Tom ?" (√)

[析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that()?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× "而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××.""My name is ×××××."并没有错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。

12

— Do you think it's going to rain over the ?

— I don't hope so.(×)

— Do you think it's going to rain over the ?

— I hope not.(√)

[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so/I hope so/ I so是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so. 但I don't so. 和 I don't hope so. 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I not.和 I hope not.则为：我想可能不会发生吧!

13

— Is there?

— No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.(×)

— Is there?

— No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.(√)

[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词。Is here? 在英语中意为：这里有人吗?而Is here?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave.

14

— Your is very good!

— No， my is very poor.(×)

— Your is very good!

— Thank you.(√)

[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you. 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样)! 等。而Good 和 How do you do则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。

15

When you have had with an and want to leave, you may say： " me. I'll go first." (×)

When you have had with an and want to leave, you may say： " me. I have to go." (√)

[析] 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first. 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。

16

— Would you like to come to ?

— I'd like to， and I'm too busy.(×)

— Would you like to come to ?

— I'd like to， but I'm too busy.(√)

[析] I'm too busy与 I'd like to在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。

17

— Where's Deter?

— Deter will come with us but he isn't very sure yet.(×)

— Where's Deter?

— Deter may come with us but he isn't very sure yet.(√)

[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。

18

— Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

— Great. You look well too.(×)

— Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!

— . You look well too.(√)

[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。