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一、连系动词基本用法
连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是),(成为),get(变成),(还是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等:
His is . 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)
He is a poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)
Money isn’t .金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
She was the first to .她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)
Who is ? 谁在楼上?(跟副词)
He is with his . 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)
He seems to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式)
is . 眼见为实。(跟动名词)
This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)
二、学习连系动词应注意的两点
1. 关于连系动词后接副词作表语
连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语,一般不接副词:
误:His is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)
误:Be . 小心点。(应将改为)
误:The soup . 这汤味道不错。(应将改为nice)
但是,有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语,不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, , up, down, over, , , round, below, , 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, , 等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
The was over at five. 会议五点结束。
Come along. The taxi is . 来吧,出租车在外面。
is for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2. 关于连系动词后接不定式
(1) 连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream is to be a . 我的梦想是当一名科学家。
All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。
My plan was to go from to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。
I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。
(2) seem, , prove, , turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语:
She seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
My to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
She to have many . 他好像有很多朋友。
The out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
to be . 情况仍然是有利的。
He has grown to like . 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。
【注】若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略。不过,若其后接的是表语形容词,则to be通常不宜省略。另外,连系动词look后能否接to be似乎尚有争论,不过,在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。
(3) sound, smell, feel, taste, 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:
误:These taste to be good. (应去掉to be)
误:The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)
(4) 有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写:
It seems that she’s right. / She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。
It that you have made a . / You to have made a . 似乎你弄错了。