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英语语法——代词概说用来代替名词,数词或上下文的词句等的词称为代词。可分为:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定 代词,疑问代词,相互代词和关系代词。一. 人称代词表示人称的代词叫做人称代词。人称代词既可指人、也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化。数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词的用法he、she、ithim、her、人称代词的主格通常作主语,宾格通常作动词的宾语、介词的宾语或表语等They want to go to the mall. The dog bit him.They took good care of us.(介词宾语)If I were him, I would take her .(表语)人称代词单独使用时通常用宾格而不用主格。--I’d like to stay here for week.--Me,too.人称代词做主语的排列顺序排列顺序人称代词的单数形式按第二、三、一排列以示礼貌举例You、Jack and I the exam.承认错误或自我批评时,把说话人 I(我) I and Jim are to blame.我和吉姆该受批评放在首位(除了 You and 这一固定结构) You and I are both wrong.你和我都错了。
“男士优先“He and she are both my my good .二.物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。数人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称第二人称第三人称his、her、、hers、its复数第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词用法:可作定语相当于形容词I love my work in the .名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,可用作主语、宾语和表语Ours is a .I didn't her . I his. Whose is this?-It is hers.She is a of mine=She is a of my .三.反身代词单数复数单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称 用法:在句中作宾语, 表语,同位语 help to some lea.The girl is too young to look after . You will be again soon.Bob is not today.在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,作"亲自"、"本人"解。
它在句中可置于名词、代词 之后,也可置于句子末尾。You said so.你自己是这样说的。The desk is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。I fixed the .这窗户是我自己装的。常用短语dress 自己穿衣 come to 恢复知觉 致力于 enjoy 过的快活 为自己辩解 说明自己的意图feel 觉得正常 忘我、失态help to 随便吃、随便用 hide 把自己藏起来make at home 不受约束 pride on 自夸say to 心里想 seat 坐下talk/speak to 自言自语 teach 自学 for 独自地、亲自四.相互代词宾格所有格宾格所有格each other 相互one 相互each other’s 相互的One ’s 相互的五.指示代词概说表示"这个 this"、"那个 that"、"这些 these"、"那些 those"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词,另外 such、so 如此的,如此的事物,the same 同样的,同样的事物也可作指示代词。
用法指示代词 this,these,that,those 在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词,可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语This is a plane.Oh,it's not that.How do you like these?This book is about .指示代词this,these,that, those 的其它用法This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物,that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如: This is a and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀,那是一把斧子。These days are cold.这些天很冷。In those days the poor had a hard time.在那些日子里,穷人生活很苦。有时 that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物,this 和 these 则指下面将要讲到的事物。如: I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害,所以我没有来。
Those two are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。What I want to say is this: is very in .我所要说的是:语音在英语学习中非常重要。有时为了避免重复提到过的名词,常可用that 或 those 代替。如:The of is just as good as that of . 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that 代替) The 's grain of 1981 was that of 1970.这个县 1987 年的粮食产量比 1980 年增加一倍。(that 代替 grain ) sets made in are just as good as those made in . 南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those 代替 sets)This 和 that 有时作状语用,表示"程度",意谓"这么"和"那么"。
如:The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。 I don't want that much.我不要那么多。5)打电话时this 表自己,that 表他人。This is Li Ming .Who is that?我是李明你是哪位? 6)It 指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it 在汉语中不必译出。Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。Oh, it's you,Lao Wang.哦,是你呀,老王。such 和 same 也是指示代词,其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作:定语The said they had never seen such a city .外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。We are not about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。[注] such 作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放S在uch 之后,如上面第一例。相当于名词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。
(作主语)The same can be said of the Other .另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语) Take from the such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语) His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)[注]注意在same 之前一般须用定冠词the。常见搭配At this 一听/看到这个that is to say 也就是说Is that so? 真的吗That’s !我受够了That’s it!正是这样That’s all right 没关系六.疑问代词概说"疑问代词有 who,whom,whose,what 和 which 等,用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如:Who is going to speak to us ?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who 作主语)Whom are you about ?你们在说谁?(whom 作宾语,但在句首时口语常用who 代替whom) Whose is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose 作定语)What is that? 那是什么?(what 作表语) What did he say?他说什么?(what 作宾语)Which is yours,the blue pen or the ?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which 作主语)[注]疑问代词who,what,which 等后面加单词ever,可强调语气,表达说话人的各种感情。
如: What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?Who ever is she for ?她究竟是在找谁?区别:对比which 所指代的对象有范围限制,只能是一个事物或一类事物。what 指代的事物无范围限制,侧重于种类。举例Which of you come from the ?你们同志们中间谁是东北人?What do you have for lunch? 你们午饭通常吃些什么?用法 “无论谁,究竟是谁”引导名词性从句“无论哪个,随便哪个” “无论什么”引导名词性从句,语气比 what强七.关系代词举例 told you that? makes must them. you buy, you will like it. she does is right.用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词,这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分,可作主语、宾语、定 语等;另一方面又起连词的作用。
这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。关系词在定语从句中成分指代对象who主语人whom宾语人whose定语人或物that主语或宾语人或物which主语或宾语物when时间状语时间where地点状语地点why原因状语原因关系代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。The man who is with Mr. Brown is an eye 和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词 who